@article {9998,
	title = {Examining Open Innovation in Science (OIS): What Open Innovation can and cannot offer the science of science},
	journal = {Innovation: Organization \& Management},
	year = {2021},
	abstract = {<p>Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we critically examine the OIS concept and bring to light two key aspects: 1) how OIS builds upon Open Innovation (OI) research by adopting its attention to boundary-crossing knowledge flows and by adapting other concepts developed and researched in OI to the science context as exemplified by two OIS cases in the area of research funding; 2) how OIS conceptualises knowledge flows across boundaries. While OI typically focuses on well-defined organizational boundaries, we argue that blurry and even invisible boundaries between communities of practice may more strongly constrain flows of knowledge related to openness and collaboration in science. Given the uptake of this concept, this essay brings needed clarity to the meaning of OIS, which has no particular normative orientation toward a close coupling between science and industry. We end by outlining the essay{\textquoteright}s contributions to OI and the science of science, as well as to science practitioners.</p>},
	doi = {10.1080/14479338.2021.1999248},
	author = {Susanne Beck and Marcel LaFlamme and Carsten Bergenholtz and Marcel Bogers and Tiare-Maria Brasseur and Marie-Louise Conradsen and Kevin Crowston and Diletta Di Marco and Agnes Effert and Despoina Filiou and Lars Frederiksen and Thomas Gillier and Marc Gruber and Carolin Haeussler and Karin Hoisl and Olga Kokshagina and Maria-Theresa Norn and Marion Poetz and Gernot Pruschak and Laia Pujol Priego and Agnieszka Radziwon and Alexander Ruser and Henry Sauermann and Sonali Shah and Julia Suess-Reyes and Christopher L. Tucci and Philipp Tuertscher and Jane Bj{\o}rn Vedel and Roberto Verganti and Jonathan Wareham and Sunny Mosangzi Xu}
}
@proceedings {9999,
	title = {Coordination in OSS 2.0: ANT Approach},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {<p>Open source software projects are increasingly driven by a combination of independent and professional developers, the former volunteers and the later hired by a company to contribute to the project to support commercial product development. This mix of developers has been referred to as OSS 2.0. However, we do not fully understand the multi-layered coordination spanning individuals, teams, and organizations. Using Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we describe how coordination and power dynamics unfold among developers and how different tools and artifacts both display activities and mediate coordination efforts. Internal communication within an organization was reported to cause broken links in the community, duplication of work, and political tensions. ANT shows how tools and code can exercise agency and alter a software development process as an equivalently active actor of the scene. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the changing nature of open source software development.</p>},
	keywords = {actor-network theory, free/libre open source, Stigmergy},
	doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2019.120},
	url = { http://hdl.handle.net/10125/59538},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/hicss52a-sub2136-cam-i8-2.pdf},
	author = {Sangseok You and Kevin Crowston and Jeffery Saltz and Yatish Hegde}
}
@article {9999,
	title = {Core-periphery communication and the success of free/libre open source software projects},
	journal = {Journal of Internet Services and Applications},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {We examine the relationship between communications by core and peripheral members and Free/Libre Open Source Software project success. The study uses data from 74 projects in the Apache Software Foundation Incubator. We conceptualize project success in terms of success building a community, as assessed by graduation from the Incubator. We compare successful and unsuccessful projects on volume of communication and on use of inclusive pronouns as an indication of efforts to create intimacy among team members. An innovation of the paper is that use of inclusive pronouns is measured using natural language processing techniques. We also compare the volume and content of communication produced by core (committer) and peripheral members and by those peripheral members who are later elected to be core members. We find that volume of communication is related to project success but use of inclusive pronouns does not distinguish successful projects. Core members exhibit more contribution and use of inclusive pronouns than peripheral members. },
	keywords = {Apache Software Foundation, communication, core and periphery, free/libre open source software (FLOSS), inclusive pronouns, natural language processing, project success},
	doi = {10.1186/s13174-017-0061-4},
	url = {http://rdcu.be/uguP},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/170707\%20JISA\%20final.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Shamshurin, Ivan}
}
@conference {2016,
	title = {Core-Periphery Communication and the Success of Free/Libre Open Source Software Projects},
	booktitle = {IFIP International Conference on Open Source Systems},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {45{\textendash}56},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {We examine the relationship between communications by core and peripheral members and Free/Libre Open Source Software project success. The study uses data from 74 projects in the Apache Software Foundation Incubator. We conceptualize project success in terms of success building a community, as assessed by graduation from the Incubator. We compare successful and unsuccessful projects on volume of communication by core (committer) and peripheral community members and on use of inclusive pronouns as an indication of efforts to create intimacy among team members. An innovation of the paper is that use of inclusive pronouns is measured using natural language processing techniques. We find that core and peripheral members differ in their volume of contribution and in their use of inclusive pronouns, and that volume of communication is related to project success. },
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39225-7_4},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/OSS2016.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Shamshurin, Ivan}
}
@proceedings {Scialdone:2009,
	title = {Group Maintenance Behaviours of Core and Peripheral Members of Free/Libre Open Source Software Teams},
	year = {2009},
	address = {Skövde, Sweden, 3-6 June},
	abstract = {Group Maintenance is pro-social, discretionary, and relation-building behavior that occurs between members of groups in order to maintain reciprocal trust and cooperation. This paper considers how Free/libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) teams demonstrate such behaviors within the context of e-mail, as this is the primary medium through which such teams communicate. We compare group maintenance behaviors between both core and peripheral members of these groups, as well as behaviors between a group that remains producing software today and one which has since dissolved. Our findings indicate that negative politeness tactics (those which show respect for the autonomy of others) may be the most instrumental group maintenance behaviors that contribute to a FLOSS group{\textquoteleft}s ability to survive and continue software production.
},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Group Maintenance},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/34finalmjs.pdf},
	author = {Scialdone, Michael J. and Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston},
	editor = {Boldyreff, Cornelia and Kevin Crowston and Lundell, Bj{\"o}rn and Wasserman, Tony}
}
@article {Crowston:2008,
	title = {Bug Fixing Practices within Free/Libre Open Source Software Development Teams},
	journal = {Journal of Database Management},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1{\textendash}30},
	abstract = {Free/libre open source software (FLOSS, e.g., Linux or Apache) is primarily developed by distributed teams. Developers contribute from around the world and coordinate their activity almost exclusively by means of email and bulletin boards, yet some how profit from the advantages and evade the challenges of distributed software development. In this article we investigate the structure and the coordination practices adopted by development teams during the bug-fixing process, which is considered one of main areas of FLOSS project success. In particular, based on a codification of the messages recorded in the bug tracking system of four projects, we identify the accomplished tasks, the adopted coordination mechanisms, and the role undertaken by both the FLOSS development team and the FLOSS community. We conclude with suggestions for further research.},
	issn = {1063-8016 },
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/jdbm2008.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Scozzi, Barbara}
}
@proceedings {Scialdone:2008,
	title = {Group Maintenance in Technology-Supported Distributed Teams},
	year = {2008},
	address = {Anaheim, CA, 9-13 August},
	abstract = {Are geographically-distributed teams which exhibit high levels of group maintenance between members successful? We answer this through content analysis of emails from two Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) teams. Our results illustrate that the groups utilize low levels of organizational citizenship behaviors and high levels of positive politeness actions.},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Group Maintenance},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/GroupMaintenance.pdf},
	author = {Scialdone, Michael J. and Li, Na and James Howison and Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston}
}
@proceedings {Scozzi:2008,
	title = {Shared mental models among open source software developers},
	year = {2008},
	address = {Big Island, Hawai{\textquoteright}i, 7-10 January},
	abstract = {Shared understandings are important for software development as they guide to effective individual contributions to, and coordination of, the software development process. In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary analysis on shared mental models within Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development teams. Based on structuration theory and by adopting cognitive mapping and process analysis, we represented and com-pared the mental models of some developers of the Lucene Java project. Our analysis suggests that there is a high-level of sharing among core developers but the shar-ing is not complete, with some differences related to ten-ure in the project.},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2008.391},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/SharedMntalModels.pdf},
	author = {Scozzi, Barbara and Kevin Crowston and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and Li, Qing}
}
@article {Howison:2008a,
	title = {Towards a data and workflow collaboratory for research on Free and Open Source Software and its development (Poster)},
	year = {2008},
	address = {Los Angeles, CA},
	keywords = {eScience, FLOSS, Workflow},
	author = {James Howison and Squire, Megan and Kevin Crowston}
}
@article {Howison:2007,
	title = {Building a collaboratory for research on open source software development (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	keywords = {eScience, FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Howison_eSocSciPoster-small.pdf},
	author = {James Howison and Squire, Megan and Kevin Crowston}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {Investigating the Dynamics of FLOSS Development Teams (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	note = {SD 2007 poster - Full Adobe PDF
2007 HSD PI{\textquoteright}s conference poster reporting on the grant project work to date in a full Adobe PDF file.

HSD 2007 poster - Small PDF
HSD 2007 conference grant progress reporting poster in a smaller PDF file.
},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/HSDposter_8.ai_.pdf , https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/HSDposter_8.pdf},
	author = {Li, Na and Li, Qing and Kangning Wei and Heckman, Robert and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and James Howison and Kevin Crowston and Allen, Eileen E. and Scialdone, Michael J. and Inoue, Keisuke and Harwell, Sarah and Rowe, Steven and McCracken, Nancy and Wiggins, Andrea}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {A proposed data and analysis archive for research on Free and Open Source Software and its development (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	author = {James Howison and Squire, Megan and Kevin Crowston}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {A proposed data and analysis archive for research on Free and Open Source Software and its development (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	author = {James Howison and Squire, Megan and Kevin Crowston}
}
@proceedings {Heckman:2007a,
	title = {A structurational perspective on leadership in virtual teams},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {151{\textendash}168},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	abstract = {Building on behavioural leadership theory and structuration theory, we present a two-order theory of leadership. It describes four classes of first-order leadership behaviours (task coordination, substantive task contribution, group maintenance and boundary spanning) and defines second-order leadership as behaviour that influences changes in the structure that guides group action. We argue that second-order leadership is enabled by first-order leadership and is therefore action embedded and grounded in processes that define the social identity of the group. We propose that effective virtual teams will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed first-order leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized second-order leadership. We conclude by suggesting future research that might be conducted to test and further elaborate our theory.},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Leadership},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_12},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/AStructurationalPerspectiveOnLeadership.pdf},
	author = {Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston and Misiolek, Nora},
	editor = {Kevin Crowston and Seiber, Sandra}
}
@proceedings {,
	title = {The role of mental models in FLOSS development work practices},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {91-97},
	address = {Lake Como, Italy, 8{\textendash}9 June},
	abstract = {Shared understandings are important for software development as they guide to effective individual contributions to, and coordination of, the software development process. In this paper, we present the theoretical background and research design for a proposed study on shared mental models within Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development teams. In particular, we plan to perform case studies on several projects and to use cognitive maps analysis to represent and compare the mental models of the involved members so as to gauge the degree of common knowledge and the development of a collective mind as well as to better understand the reasons that underlie team members actions and the way common mental models, if any, arise.},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Mental Model},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/oss2006crowstonscozzi.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Scozzi, Barbara}
}
@conference {Crowston:2004,
	title = {Coordination practices for bug fixing within FLOSS development teams},
	booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Computer Supported Activity Coordination, 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems},
	year = {2004},
	address = {Porto, Portugal},
	abstract = {Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) is primarily developed by distributed teams. Developers contribute from around the world and coordinate their activity almost exclusively by means of email and bulletin boards. FLOSS development teams some how profit from the advantages and evade the challenges of distributed software development. Despite the relevance of the FLOSS both for research and practice, few studies have investigated the work practices adopted by these development teams. In this paper we investigate the structure and the coordination practices adopted by development teams during the bug-fixing process, which is considered one of main areas of FLOSS project success. In particular, based on a codification of the messages recorded in the bug tracking system of four projects, we identify the accomplished tasks, the adopted coordination mechanisms, and the role undertaken by both the FLOSS development team and the FLOSS community. We conclude with suggestions for further research.},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/scozzi04coordination.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Scozzi, Barbara}
}
@article {Crowston:2002,
	title = {Open source software projects as virtual organizations: Competency rallying for software development},
	journal = {IEE Proceedings Software},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {3{\textendash}17},
	abstract = {The contribution of this paper is the identification and testing of factors important for the success of Open Source Software (OSS) projects. We present an analysis of OSS communities as virtual organizations and apply Katzy and Crowston{\textquoteright}s competency rallying (CR) theory to the case of OSS development projects. CR theory suggests that project participants must develop necessary competencies, identify and understand market opportunities, marshal competencies to meet the opportunity and manage a short-term cooperative process. Using data collected from 7477 OSS projects hosted by the SourceForge system (http://sourceforge.net/), we formulate and test a set of specific hypotheses derived from CR theory. The empirical data analysis supports the majority of these hypotheses, suggesting that CR theory provides a useful lens for studying OSS projects.},
	issn = {1462-5970 },
	doi = {10.1049/ip-sen:20020197},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/iee2002.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Scozzi, Barbara}
}
