@article {9998,
	title = {Functional and Visionary Leadership in Self-Managing Virtual Teams},
	journal = {Group \& Organization Management},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {424{\textendash}460},
	abstract = {<p>In this conceptual article, we present a theory of leadership in self-managing virtual teams. We describe leadership in this setting as a process that results in the creation, reinforcement and evolution of shared mental models and shared norms that influence team member behaviour towards the successful accomplishment of shared goals. We distinguish two types of leadership. We identify leadership that works within and reinforces existing models and norms to influence team contributions as {\textquotedblleft}functional{\textquotedblright} leadership. We identify leadership that results in changes in models and norms as {\textquotedblleft}visionary{\textquotedblright} leadership. We propose that successful self-managing virtual teams require both types of leadership and that they will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed functional leadership complemented by strong, concentrated and centralized visionary leadership and that visionary leadership is enabled by functional leadership in the form of substantive team member contributions.</p>},
	keywords = {functional leadership, Leadership, Self-managing teams, structuration theory, virtual teams, visionary leadership},
	doi = {10.1177/1059601120955034},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/1059601120955034_0.pdf},
	author = {Eseryel, U. Yeliz and Kevin Crowston and Heckman, Robert}
}
@article {Li:2008a,
	title = {Asynchronous Decision-Making in Distributed Teams (Poster)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {8{\textendash}12 November},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	keywords = {Decision-Making, FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/CSCW2008Poster11x17Draft.pdf},
	author = {Li, Qing and Heckman, Robert and Allen, Eileen E. and Kevin Crowston and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and James Howison and Wiggins, Andrea}
}
@article {2008,
	title = {Towards A review of the empirical FLOSS literature},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Towards A review of the empirical FLOSS literature},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/ReviewProgressReport.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and James Howison and Kangning Wei and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and Li, Qing}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {Emergent leadership in self-organizing virtual teams (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	address = {Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec, Canada, 9{\textendash}12 Dec},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Leadership},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/20081204\%20ICIS\%20Poster_v.5.1.pdf},
	author = {Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston and Misiolek, Nora and Eseryel, U. Yeliz}
}
@article {Crowston:2007,
	title = {The role of face-to-face meetings in technology-supported self-organizing distributed teams},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Professional Communications},
	volume = {50},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {185{\textendash}203},
	abstract = {We examine the role of face-to-face meetings in the context of technology-supported self-organizing distributed or virtual teams, specifically Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development teams. Based on a qualitative inductive analysis of data from interviews and observations at FLOSS conferences, we identify a variety of settings in which developers meet face-to-face, activities performed in these settings and benefits obtained. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, FLOSS developers generally do not meet face-to-face until the project is well under way. An additional benefit of face-to-face meetings is time away from a regular job and speed of interaction for certain kinds of tasks.},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	doi = {10.1109/TPC.2007.902654},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/070122.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and James Howison and Masango, Chengetai and Eseryel, U. Yeliz}
}
@article {2006,
	title = {Audio of ICIS 2006 Presentation},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Audio of Kevin, Yeliz and Qing presenting our paper at ICIS 2006. The audio is ok, but next time I{\textquoteright}m definitely going to put the recorder nearer the speakers!},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/ICIS-2006-Kevin-Yeliz-Qing-fixed.mp3},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and Li, Qing}
}
@proceedings {Heckman:2006b,
	title = {Emergent decision-making practices in technology-supported self-organizing distributed teams},
	year = {2006},
	address = {Milwaukee, WI, 10{\textendash}13 Dec},
	abstract = {We seek to identify work practices that make technology-supported self-organizing distributed (or virtual) teams (TSSODT for short) effective in producing outputs satisfactory to their sponsors, meeting the needs of their members and continuing to function. A particularly important practice for team effectiveness is decision making: are the right decisions made at the right time to get the work done in a way that satisfies team sponsors, keeps contributors happy and engaged, and enables continued team success? In this research-in-progress paper, we report on an inductive qualitative analysis of 120 decision episodes taken by 2 Free/libre Open Source Software development teams. Our analysis revealed differences in decision-making practices that seem to be related to differences in overall team effectiveness.},
	keywords = {Decision-Making, FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Emergent\%20Decision\%20Making\%20Practices\%20In\%20Technology\%20Supported\%20Self\%20O.pdf},
	author = {Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston and Li, Qing and Allen, Eileen E. and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and James Howison and Kangning Wei}
}
@proceedings {Crowston:2005,
	title = {Coordination of Free/Libre Open Source Software development},
	year = {2005},
	address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA, December},
	abstract = {The apparent success of free/libre open source software (FLOSS) development projects such as Linux, Apache, and many others has raised the question, what lessons from FLOSS development can be transferred to mainstream software development? In this paper, we use coordination theory to analyze coordination mechanisms in FLOSS development and compare our analysis with existing literature on coordination in proprietary software development. We examined developer interaction data from three active and successful FLOSS projects and used content analysis to identify the coordination mechanisms used by the participants. We found that there were similarities between the FLOSS groups and the reported practices of the proprietary project in the coordination mechanisms used to manage task-task dependencies. However, we found clear differences in the coordination mechanisms used to manage task-actor dependencies. While published descriptions of proprietary software development involved an elaborate system to locate the developer who owned the relevant piece of code, we found that {\textquotedblleft}self-assignment{\textquotedblright} was the most common mechanism across three FLOSS projects. This coordination mechanism is consistent with expectations for distributed and largely volunteer teams. We conclude by discussing whether these emergent practices can be usefully transferred to mainstream practice and indicating directions for future research.},
	keywords = {Coordination, FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Coordination\%20of\%20Free\%20Libre\%20Open\%20Source\%20Software\%20Development.pdf , https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/CoordinationFreeLibreOSSDevSlides.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Kangning Wei and Li, Qing and Eseryel, U. Yeliz and James Howison}
}
@article {2005,
	title = {An exploratory study of factors related to effectiveness of Free/Libre Open Source Software teams},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Talk at the Padua Open Source Software Symposium, 14-15 April 2005.},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/050415\%20padua\%20presentation.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Eseryel, U. Yeliz}
}
@conference {Crowston:2005b,
	title = {Face-to-face interactions in self-organizing distributed teams},
	booktitle = {Academy of Management Conference},
	year = {2005},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	abstract = {We explore the role of face-to-face meetings in the life of distributed teams using data from Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development teams. Such distributed teams are part of many organizations{\textquoteright} new vision of management in the 21st century. Practitioner research has suggested the need for face-to-face meetings when a team is formed, but few studies have considered the role of face-to-face meetings during a team{\textquoteright}s life. Based on a qualitative inductive analysis of data from interviews and observations at FLOSS conferences, we identify a variety of settings in which FLOSS developers meet face-to-face, activities performed in these settings and benefits obtained. Contrary to prior research, we find that FLOSS developers generally do not meet until the project is well under way. We also find that an additional benefit of face-to-face meetings is time away from a regular job. We conclude by noting limitations in our data collection due to a focus on core developers in large projects and with directions for further research.},
	keywords = {FLOSS},
	attachments = {https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/FaceToFace\%20Interactions.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and James Howison and Masango, Chengetai and Eseryel, U. Yeliz}
}
