%0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2/9.5 Working Conference on Virtuality and Virtualization %D 2007 %T A structurational perspective on leadership in virtual teams %A Heckman, Robert %A Kevin Crowston %A Misiolek, Nora %E Kevin Crowston %E Seiber, Sandra %K FLOSS %K Leadership %X Building on behavioural leadership theory and structuration theory, we present a two-order theory of leadership. It describes four classes of first-order leadership behaviours (task coordination, substantive task contribution, group maintenance and boundary spanning) and defines second-order leadership as behaviour that influences changes in the structure that guides group action. We argue that second-order leadership is enabled by first-order leadership and is therefore action embedded and grounded in processes that define the social identity of the group. We propose that effective virtual teams will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed first-order leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized second-order leadership. We conclude by suggesting future research that might be conducted to test and further elaborate our theory. %B Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2/9.5 Working Conference on Virtuality and Virtualization %I Springer %C Portland, OR %P 151–168 %G eng %R 10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_12 %> https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/AStructurationalPerspectiveOnLeadership.pdf %0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Open Source Systems (OSS) %D 2005 %T A structurational perspective on leadership in Free/Libre Open Source Software teams %A Kevin Crowston %A Heckman, Robert %A Annabi, Hala %A Masango, Chengetai %K FLOSS %K Leadership %X In this conceptual paper, we present a structuration-based theory of leadership behaviours in self-organizing virtual distributed teams such as Free/Libre Open Source Software development teams. Such teams are often composed of members of relatively equal status or who are so disparate in background that formal organizational status seems irrelevant, reducing the usual leadership cues provided by organizational status and title. Building on a functional view of leadership and structuration theory, we suggest that leaders are individuals who develop team structures that then guide the actions of team members. Specifically, we examine structures of signification in the form of shared mental models, structures of domination in the form of role structures and structures of legitimation in form of rules and norms. The main contribution of our paper is the integration of various social theories to describe emergent leadership behaviours in distributed teams. We develop a set of propositions and illustrate with examples taken from Free/Libre Open Source Software development teams. We conclude by suggesting future research that might be conducted to test and further elaborate our theory. %B Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Open Source Systems (OSS) %C Genova, Italy %G eng %> https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/crowston-final.pdf %0 Generic %D 2004 %T A structurational model of leadership in virtual distributed groups %A Kevin Crowston %A Annabi, Hala %A Heckman, Robert %K FLOSS %> https://floss.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/crowston_oasis_2004v3.pdf